Claiming feminism Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Many women of today do not consider feminism favorable, and the reason thereof is, of course, not only the myth that surrounds the feminist movement, but also a hesitation on their part to leave their own lifestyles and pursue a path that will definitely be hard to trod, and not merely because the society they live in does not accept it. We live in a patriarchal society, which prides itself on its heterosexuality. Thus, a male heterosexual is, perhaps, the one who has got it made in our society; he is considered favorably by all around him and perhaps by himself as well. However, this biased view of our society results in women being subjugated by men, and being made to feel inferior. This, of course, applies to gay, lesbians and even transgender people living in our society as well. Through a feminist approach, women who are involved in the movement try to overcome these biases. But, as Hogeland puts it, we find that even women do not want to join the movement, because of various f ears that have been fed to them through media and society: men do not want to date/marry a feminist and (as media portrays it) marriage or being in a relationship is what is most important in life, therefore, feminism is not worth the sacrifice. In their article â€Å"Teaching the Conflicts, † Meredith Love and Brenda Helmbrecht try to explore just why it is that the third-wave feminists, or the modern feminists for that matter, have come to a similar conclusion as their non-feminist counterparts: self-fulfillment is very important, and it is only when one satisfies one’s urges that one is able to be a true feminist. We will write a custom essay sample on Claiming feminism or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The authors then take the three images from media apart and show just how much truth there is to it. The women involved in all three were considered by the authors to be far from emancipated, rather they were furthering another form of stereotype: the modern feminists, who actually looks feminine, or the third-wave feminist, is actually better than the second-wave feminist, as she has truly embraced her potential as a woman by tuning in to her natural urges.

Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together - 917 Words

Some may argue that educational opportunity is available for all peoples no matter the race. That opportunity is there for the taking. However, obstacles can prevent a student from seizing that opportunity. You can see the obvious impact of race in the African-American community in regards to educational opportunities. Race hinders educational opportunity of African-Americans through the expectations of others and self-identity conflicts. Beverly Tatum s Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?and Ann DuCille s Multicultural Barbie and the Merchandising of Difference demonstrate what it means to be an African American adolescent in today s time. One of the obstacles that African American adolescents face is the expectations of others. Often a single comment is all that is needed to imply to a student how another feels about their potential. For example, Tatum describes the experience of Malcolm X. Although Malcolm X was separated from his family and liv ing in a foster home, he was a star athlete, a class president, and an A student. Despite his success as an adolescent, he was told by a respected teacher that his goal of becoming a lawyer was no realistic goal for a nigger. (Tatum 379) As the result of this single comment, Malcolm stopped participating in class, thereby hindering any current educational opportunities. This expectation from Malcolm s teacher changed his educational experience making him adhere to his racialShow MoreRelatedWhy Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesBeverly Daniel Tatum’s book, â€Å"Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?† provides an understanding of why race and racism continue to operate in our world. Tatum effectively answers the question she poses as the title of her book; moreover, I agree with her perception of Affirmative Action and the word racist, but I do not agree with the definition of racism in her book. I believe Tatum answers the question â€Å"Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?† not onlyRead MoreWhy Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together?962 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional authors state as a fact. For example, you have Jonathan Kozol in â€Å"Still Separate, Still Unequal† state the differences between the white and the poor. Now you also Beverly Daniel Tatum where in â€Å"Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?† he describes how african american kids are seen differently so there treated differently. If we go into gender we have Deborah Tannen in â€Å"How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently† where gender matters because you will have slightRead MoreWhy Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn her book â€Å"Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?† , Beverly Daniel Tatum, explores the identity of racial development in the United States. She analyzes the definition of racism as well as the development of racial identity. Along with these topics she in turn offers possible solutions to racial problems that plague us today. Tatum uses David Wellman’s definition of racism to set up the way racism is talked about in this book, however I mildly disagree with this definitionRead MoreWhy Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together?897 Words   |  4 PagesEvery public school lunch room is filled with many tables, every day these tables are the perfect place for a student to find where they â€Å"belong†. Like Beverly Daniel Tatum states in â€Å"Why Are all the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?†, part of the social groups forming in high schools goes to thank adolescents. Tatum writes, â€Å"As children enter adolescence, they begin to explore the question of identity, asking ‘Who am I?’ ‘Who can I be?’†(375). At this point in their life everyone beginsRead MoreWhy Are All Of The Black Kids Sitting Together?1170 Words   |  5 Pagesracism. The five sources I would use would be varying in subject, and the authors would come from different walks of life. {{{One book I would use in this course, would be a text that we have used this semester. This book being â€Å"Why Are All of the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?† by Beverly Tatum. It was a quick enough read, it made sense, and was easy to retain. This book had an emotional impact on me, and I have a feeling it would impact many students like the ones before me. }}}} *takeRead MoreWhy Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together? Essay1909 Words   |  8 Pagesextensive as it really is. All the readings, videos, and lectures have directly related back to the purpose of the course. As a whole, I feel like this class has grown in knowledge not only about how racism affects people, but how to change and make a difference. This class has informed me a lot more about the unfortunately thriving acts of racism in the United States. While in this class we read much from Beverly Tatum’s book Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria. Tatum givesRead MoreAnalysis Of Beverly Tatum s Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together 1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is actually a topic that seems to be tabooed world-wide. In the first chapter of Beverly Tatum’s â€Å"Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria† she discusses racism and all of its components. In this chapter she discusses white privilege, active and passive racism, prejudice and much more. Beverly explains how racism is â€Å"a system of institutional policies and cultural messages that is advantageous to white people and disadvantageous to people of color†. This would explainRead More Analysis of Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria by Beverly Daniel Tatum1302 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Why are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria by Beverly D aniel Tatum Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria; by Beverly Daniel Tatum Ph.D. is a book of many subjects, theories, ideas, as well as opinions that are discussed, challenged and criticized. Are we free from racism? Why, are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? These questions I hope to answer for myself and for others. One of Beverly Tatums major topics ofRead MoreStill Separate, Still Unequal1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe schools have mostly black and Hispanic students (348). The percentage of blacks and Mexicans students were higher than fifty percent. There was a teacher who was 65 years old who taught at a majority black school stated that Out of eighteen years, this is the first white student I have ever taught (348). Its not very common that white students attend underclass schools. Kozol stated that there is a school in New York City named Langston Hughes that has 99 percent black and Hispanic studentsRead MoreRacial Identity By Dr. Beverly Tatum1141 Words   |  5 PagesAuthor, Dr. Beverly Tatum a clinical psychologist whose main study of interest is Black children’s racial identity development wrote the text Why Are All the Black Kids sitting Together in the Cafeteria? After receiving a letter from a school principal in New Jersey applauding her on her reason of why, in racial ly mixed schools all over the country, Black kids were still sitting together in school cafeterias. In the text Tatum shares her thoughts about the development of racial identity faced by

A Leaving Certificate Free Essays

A Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme plan to arrange a Visit Out to an enterprise, Kelly Printing Works in our local community. Presented by: Nollaig Kenny Objectives: 1. We will arrange a visit out to a local enterprise KPW in our community. We will write a custom essay sample on A Leaving Certificate or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. We hope to carry out a SWOT analysis of KPW. 3. I hope to improve my communication, organisational and mathematical skills while carrying out this investigation. Research methods: a) We will write a letter to request permission from our principal to visit KPW on Tuesday 29th March 2011 at 9:10 am. ) We will use the Internet to research KPW’s business. c) I will ring the bus company to arrange a date and time for transport to the company. Analysis of Research: a) We were granted permission from our principal for the date and time requested. b) We researched KPW’s business on the Internet and found that it is a family run business set up in 1941. c) I called Declan Fahy, the owner of the local bus company and booked a bus for the agreed date and time of our visit which would cost â‚ ¬20. Actions and Schedules of time: 5/03/11 We will have to ensure that all jobs including questions to be asked and permission from the principal are completed by students in the class . 28/03/11 We will to reconfirm the bus, the visit with KPW and lodge the money for the bus to the office. 29/03/11 Day of the Visit: 9:00am:Take the roll call. 9:04am:Make sure all the students have questions and template of Summary Report. 9:05am:I will go out to see if the bus has arrived. 9:06am: Everyone get on the bus. 9:12am:Arrive at KPW and introduce the group. 9:14am: Listen attentively and take down notes. :45am: Ask the assigned questions. 10:05am: Thank KPW and give the Thank You card. 10:10am: Leave KPW. 10:20am: Arrive back at the school. Resources and Costs: We will incur the following costs: Bus Fare @ â‚ ¬2 per student â‚ ¬20. 00 2 Phone Calls @10c each â‚ ¬ 0. 20 Thank You cardâ‚ ¬ 1. 50 Total â‚ ¬22. 70 Evaluation: 1. If the visit is a success and we learn about a local enterprise including products and services offered, the use of ICT in the business and health and safety procedures followed we will have achieved our first aim. . If we find out ab out the current strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of KPW then we will have achieved our second aim. 3. Working as part of a team will help me improve my communication and organisational skills. Collecting the correct amount of money for the bus fare and lodging it to the office will help me to improve my mathematical skills. I will ask my LCVP teacher to access my communication and organisational skills at the end of the visit. How to cite A Leaving Certificate, Essay examples

Mtv As The Dominant Music Video Outlet Essay Example For Students

Mtv As The Dominant Music Video Outlet Essay Music Television, a basic cable service known by its acronym MTV, remains the dominant music video outlet utilizing effective marketing and competitive business practices throughout its nineteen year history. The creation of the I Want My MTV marketing campaign and use of the campaign throughout the 1980s helped the cable outlet secure a substantial subscriber base. MTV dealt with competition from cable mogul Ted Turners Cable Music Channel by creating a fighting brand, sister cable service VH-1, along with facing challenges by numerous other music video programming services. Through exclusivity agreements with record labels for music videos and limiting access to cable systems owned by MTVs parent company, MTV exercised anticompetitive and monopolistic means to fend off competition. From its launch, MTV successfully applied these marketing and competitive business practices. The board of the Warner AMEX Satellite Entertainment Company (WASEC), a partnership between Warner Communica tions and American Express, gave approval in mid-January 1981 for the creation of a cable service that would broadcast music videos . Music videos, song length visual depictions used in the promotion of a musical acts latest release, were already popular on European television since the mid 1970s. A deadline of August 1, 1981 was set for the launch of this new cable service as programs featuring music videos were beginning to appear on cable outlets such as Home Box Office and USA Network. The set-up and programming of the entire operation was to be established in approximately six-and-a-half months. Bob Pittman, a WASEC programming executive with a background in radio, wanted to ensure the new music video outlet delivered programming that appealed to its target audience of twelve to thirty-four-year-olds. This age demographic was both desirable and difficult for advertisers to reach as young adults typically did not watch much of what television offered at the time. He determined that, with little exception, the cable service would have no distinguishable programs. Video upon video would be presented by on-air personalities dubbed video jockeys, veejays for short, who would also provide entertainment news and conduct artist interviews. The absence of scheduled programming was, as stated by Tom McGrath in MTV: The Making of a Revolution, a radical notion as regularly scheduled programs were the norm on American television up to this point. Programming the new music video outlet in this manner made it as familiar as format commercial radio, while presenting it using the medium of television, to its young target audience. The name of the new music video cable service began as TV-1, a name that Bob Pittman felt fit the youthful arrogance the channel embraced. With little support for the name from other WASEC executives, an M representing music replaced the 1 in the name. The name eventually evolved into MTV, Music Television. With a name chosen for the new cable outlet, Fred Seibert, the Director of On-Air Promotion, was charged with commissioning a logo for MTV. Manhattan Design, the studio hired by Seibert, eventually developed the logo still used by the channel today: a large block M with a small TV that looks spray painted on. Many in Sales and Marketing at WASEC thought the logo left much to be desired, with one executive asking Seibert if he thought it would endure as long as the CBS eye. Almost two decades later, the MTV logo is arguably one of the most recognizable pop culture icons. A video of the Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star marked the launch of MTV at 12:01 AM August 1, 1981. Jack Banks notes in Monopoly Television: MTVs Quest to Control the Music that at the start, the music video channel was available in 2.1 million homes and was not offered in either New York City or Los Angeles. The absence of MTV from cable systems in these two cities presented several problems for the new cable outlet. The amount of available advertising time sold, only thirty percent at the channels launch, did not seem likely to increase without advertising executives able to see MTV. National media coverage of the new music video channel was also lacking its start-up, with the exception of one reporter from the Los Angeles Times. An effective marketing campaign would be developed in the next several years that would increase customer demand for MTV, increasing the number of subscribers. Essay on The Columbian Exchange On The New And Old Worlds EssayMTV achieved its dominance as a music video outlet utilizing effective marketing and competitive business practices since its inception. The I Want My MTV campaign and use of the campaign throughout the 1980s is one example of the cable outlets use of effective marketing technique. MTVs business strategy ended competition from cable mogul Ted Turners Cable Music Channel through the creation of a fighting brand, along with facing challenges by numerous other music video programming services. Exclusivity agreements with record labels for music videos and by limiting access to cable systems, MTV effectively exercised anticompetitive and monopolistic means to fend off competition. McGrath, Tom. MTV: The Making of a Revolution. (Pennsylvania: Running, 1996), p. 124. Ibid., p. 18-19, 42-43. Ibid., p. 27. Ibid., p. 45-46. Banks, Jack. Monopoly Television: MTVs Quest to Control the Music. (Colorado: Westview, 1996), p.32. McGrath, Tom. MTV: The Making of a Revolution. (Pennsylvania: Running, 1996), p. 47. Ibid., p. 53. Ibid., p. 47. Ibid., p. 48. Ibid., p. 48. Ibid., p. 50. Banks, Jack. Monopoly Television: MTVs Quest to Control the Music. (Colorado: Westview, 1996), p. 34. McGrath, Tom. MTV: The Making of a Revolution. (Pennsylvania: Running, 1996), p. 62-63. Ibid., p. 80. Ibid., p. 80. Ibid., p. 81. Ibid., p. 81. Ibid., p88. Ibid., p. 88-89. Ibid., p. 89. Ibid., p. 124. Ibid., p. 124. Ibid., p. 125. Ibid., p. 125, 129. Ibid., p. 129. Ted Turner Turns off the Music. The Economist. 8 December 1984: 77. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Denisoff, R. Serge. Inside MTV. (New Jersey: Transaction, 1988), p. 155. Ibid., p. 155. Ibid., p. 155. Ibid., p. 156. Film and Cinema

Everything About Wikipedia, Part 2 Notability

EVERYTHING ABOUT WIKIPEDIA, PART 2: NOTABILITY In our previous post, we talked about Wikipedia in general – we explained a bit about what Wiki is (a reference) and isn’t (a blog, a soapbox, or a vehicle for free advertising), and we promised that we’d get more into specifics about what makes a topic Wiki-eligible. As we mentioned last time, determining whether a topic is eligible for Wikipedia really boils down to two (very) important questions: Question 1: Is your topic notable? Question 2: Has your topic received significant coverage by neutral, reputable third-party sources? In this post, we’re going to focus on the first question. Before we go on, it’s important to be clear about we mean by notable. For our (and more importantly, Wikipedia’s) purposes, a notable topic is: Of interest to the general public, not just you or a few people in your industry. Something you might read about in a newspaper or magazine. A topic that has been written about by journalists, rather than PR or advertising copywriters. Culturally, historically, or socially relevant in some way. Notability: A Few Examples Let’s take a look at a sample Wikipedia page of a notable person, British novelist Terry Pratchett. The red boxes indicate details that make Pratchett notable: He’s written a 40-novel series; he is a best-selling author in the U.K. and in the U.S heck, the guy’s even been knighted for his â€Å"services to literature†! And if you scroll down to the â€Å"References† section, you can see a list of the more than 100 newspaper and magazine articles; websites; television and radio interviews that were used in the creation of Pratchett’s article: Here’s an example of a Wiki page for a notable company: Again, the things that make Subway notable are outlined in red: it’s one of the fastest-growing franchises in the world; it’s the largest single-brand restaurant chain globally and the second largest restaurant operator globally; it’s got over 37,000 locations in 100 countries, and so on. Also, notice that this page isn’t written like an advertisement. It gives you the facts: What Subway is, where it does business, notable rankings and statistics. But it doesn’t read like something that came from the company’s PR department, and there’s even a section called â€Å"Controversy† that talks about a few not-so-positive details, such as lawsuits and instances of negative publicity associated with the chain. If you look at the page’s â€Å"References† section, you can see that Subway has indeed received significant media coverage: A Few More Examples Of course, you don’t have to be a knighted, best-selling author or one of the world’s most popular fast-food chains to be notable enough for a Wikipedia page. There are tons of pages about people and companies that are somewhat less famous – but still notable and Wiki-appropriate: Checklist: Determining Notability Not sure if your topic is notable? Here are a few questions to use as a starting point: If you can answer â€Å"yes† to at least four of these questions, you might have a Wiki-eligible topic on your hands. Of course, notice that we said â€Å"might.† The next step in determining Wikipedia eligibility? A review of your available sources. Tune in next week for an in-depth look at neutral, third-party sources and â€Å"significant coverage†.

Ceremonies In The Waste Land Essays - Holy Grail, Free Essays

Ceremonies In The Waste Land Essays - Holy Grail, Free Essays Ceremonies in "The Waste Land" Ceremonies are prevalent throughout T.S. Eliot?s poem "The Waste Land". Eliot relies on literary contrasts to illustrate the specific values of meaningful, effectual rituals of primitive society in contrast to the meaningless, broken, sham rituals of the modern day. These contrasts serve to show how ceremonies can become broken when they are missing vital components, or they are overloaded with too many. Even the way language is used in the poem furthers the point of ceremonies, both broken and not. In section V of The Waste Land, Eliot writes, "After the torchlight red on sweaty faces After the frosty silence in the gardens After the agony in stony places The shouting and the crying Prison and palace and reverberation Of thunder of spring over diezt mountains He who was living is now dead" (ll. 322-328). The imagery of a primal ceremony is evident in this passage. The last line of "He who was living is now dead" shows the passing of the primal ceremony; the connection to it that was once viable is now dead. The language used to describe the event is very rich and vivid: red, sweaty, stony. These words evoke an event that is without the cares of modern life- it is primal and hot. A couple of lines later Eliot talks of "red sullen faces sneer and snarl/ From doors of mudcracked houses" (ll. 344-345). These lines too seem to contain language that has a primal quality to it. From the primal roots of ceremony Eliot shows us the contrast of broken ceremonies. Some of these ceremonies are broken because they are lacking vital components. A major ceremony in The Waste Land is that of sex. The ceremony of sex is broken, however, because it is missing components of love and consent. An example of this appears in section II, lines 99-100, "The change of Philomel, by the barbarous king/ So rudely forced"; this is referring to the rape of Philomel by King Tereus of Thrace. The forcing of sex on an unwilling partner breaks the entire ceremony of sex. Rape is not the only way a broken sex ceremony can take place. The broken ceremony can also occur when there is a lack of love, as shown in lines 222-256. This passage describes a scene between "the typist" and "the young man carbuncular". What passes between these two individuals is a sex ceremony that is devoid of love and emotion (except for, perhaps, the emotion of lust on the part of the young man). The typist is indifferent to the whole event and the young man?s "vanity requires no response" (l. 241). For a ceremony to be effective, the participants have to have some degree of faith in what they are doing. They must believe that the ceremony will result in something worthwhile. The participants in this broken ceremony had no faith in what they were doing; they were just going through the motions. This is made obvious when the secretary says "?Well now that?s done: and I?m glad it?s over.?" (l. 252). Another way that broken ceremonies (broken due to lack of components) are presented in the poem, are ceremonies of nature. It seems as though the waste land is always waiting for the ceremony of rain, the bringing of water, to the dry land. For most of the poem the water never arrives because there is always something missing. In lines 331 and 332 Eliot says, "Here is no water but only rock/ Rock and no water". In line 342 there is, "dry sterile thunder without rain". The lack of water in ceremonies of nature that require it, lead to a broken ceremony.. Even at the beginning of the poem Eliot tells us that we, "know only/ A heap of broken images, where the sun beats,/ And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief,/ And the dry stone no sound of water." (ll. 21-24). Clearly this is wrong, and this lack of water is a main theme, and a main broken ceremony in The Waste Land. Conversely, ceremonies can also be broken when there are too many components in the ceremony, a something extra that serves to

Corporate social responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Corporate social responsibility - Essay Example Enron’s boss is cognizant that when I was working at the public hospital, Enron worked closely with the senior management of the hospital. Additionally, he was familiar with a number of both the hospital management and the government department of health. Following my experience in working in the public hospital is aware of the critical issues in the transfer the work from the public hospital to a private hospital. His firm pays large bonuses to employees who successfully move from the general hospital to private. Additionally, the accountants collude with the management in window dressing the financial statements to portray profits being generated by the hospital when it is not the case. The top management director had some information regarding the fall of the shares in the stock exchange. The manager made a point of selling the shares before disclosing such information to the public and respective investors over the future fall in the shares of the public hospital shares. It determination of the ethical dilemma it is necessary to determine the reason Enron was chosen is because of the experience and knowledge he had in the medical services of the eye patients and the familiarity he had with the senior management over some time with the government and the public hospital. The ethical requirements demand that there should be nothing like threats that might hinder the competency, professionalism, integrity or objectivity of the professional. In the above case, there exist are a number of threats to professionalism. There is a threat of self-interest (Williams, 2007). In the above case, it is well stated that the management has an offer of paying Enron a handsome amount after accepting the demands of the senior management. This raises the ethical dilemma. Another threat that is being portrayed is the threat of familiarity. It is clear that Enron has been working with the senior

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 42

Marketing - Essay Example A personal touch with the customer, understanding his need, proper courtesy and a genuine smile is all that he longs for. It has something more to do with Max Weber bureaucracy or organizational pyramid (2) where everyone points a finger to the other one. In last two decade, the entire marketing scenario has gone through a paradigm shift and excellent customer service appears to be the deciding factor in this changing order. First of all, it is the sense of belonging, the proud ownership of the employees that literally change the face of the organization. The training of the employees that makes them serve the customer in a better manner plays the pivotal role. He should learn to communicate effectively, put a genuine smile in his face and be willing to serve his customer in every conceivable way. The stuffs should also know how to outmaneuver the customer without compromising the It is observed that a typical grocery shop stores 30,000 products and the owner answers same no of quarries. In supermarket the product listing may cross well past six digit marks but the product information which needs to be volunteered is surprisingly absent. The profit surges upwards if some subtle changes can be taken care of. For instance, Wal-Mart has a concerted return policy and a podium in every store where anyone can put a question regarding any service (3).The resultant outcome is a satisfied customer who returns again and again – to contribute to the profit of the organization. There can be multi pronged way to provide better customer care in a supermarket. Firstly, the proper motivations of the employees that work wonder. â€Å"At IBM, every one sells† as Buck Rodgers had put it in his best seller ‘The IBM Way’ (4) which should be the anthem of every supermarkets which aspires to make it big. From the doorman to the casher, every one needs to work in unison, compromising over everything except company ethics and profitability. The

What is Osteoporosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is Osteoporosis - Essay Example After the maximal bone mass is attained at the age 30, the rate of bone loss for both gender is approximately 0.5% per year, and it increase to approximately 1% per year or more in menopausal women. This is so because, estrogen acts indirectly to suppress bone re-sorption, an action reduced/absent during menopause. Poor nutrition or an age-related decrease in intestinal absorption of calcium because of deficient activation of vitamin D is a culprit of the prevalence of Osteoporosis among elderly. "In the United States, 10 million people already have osteoporosis. Millions more have low bone mass, or osteopenia, placing them at increased risk for more serious bone loss and subsequent fractures"."Hip fractures are common and are often devastating in the geriatric population". Other risk factors found to be associated with this disease include, smoking, alcohol ingestion and genetic predisposition. As with the case at hand patient Hunt manifested almost all of the indicated risk factors , having had hysterectomy at the age 45 inducing early menopause, smoking and alcohol consumption and most of all, a history of calcium and Vitamin D deficiency as evidenced by Rickets disease in her childhood. Weight-bearing exercises like jogging, walking, rowing and weight lifting are important in maintaining bone mass. "Studies have indicated that pre-menopausal women need more than 1000mg and post-menopausal women needs 1500mg of calcium daily" (Andrews. 1998). This means that adults should drink 3 to 4 glasses of milk daily or substitute other foods that are high in calcium (Bukata & Rosier. 2000). Calcium supplements and a daily intake of 400-800 IU of Vitamin D is recommended because the latter optimizes calcium absorption and inhibits parathyroid secretion, stimulating calcium re-sorption from the bone (Weinstein & Ullery. 2000). Estrogen Therapy is the single most powerful intervention to reduce the incidence and progression of osteoporosis. If commenced immediately after menopause prevents early-stage bone loss and provides beneficial effects if administered throughout the eight decade of women's years (Gambert Et. Al. 1995). Women with breast cancer, active liver disease, a hist ory of blood clots, or unexplained vaginal bleeding should, under no circumstance, go on HRT (Cooper). Additionally women who have migraine headaches, high triglycerides, gallbladder or chronic liver disease, a history of cancer of the uterus or ovaries, fibroids, history of endometriosis, or a history of exposure to the estrogen DES should go under careful evaluation before even considering HRT (Hueseman, 2002). Active treatment of osteoporosis uses four types of agents; gonadal hormones (estrogen), calcitonin, fluorides and biphosphonates. Calcitonin can be used to decrease osteoclastic activity. Although the risk of endometrial cancer is increased with hormone therapy, risk is reduced with subsequent administration of progestin (Riggs & Melton. 1992). In the cases where fracture is involved, management includes immobilization, pain medication, early ambulation and wound care. Surgical intervention is done for stable fracture fixation that allows early restoration of mobility and functions; this means early weight bearing. Walking and

Analysis Of A Raisin In The Sun English Literature Essay

Analysis Of A Raisin In The Sun English Literature Essay Creativity of Hansberry played a crucial role in the development of Negro drama since the Second World War. According to one of the researchers, the writer may be called the mother of the modern drama of black, no less than Eugene ONeill is the father of the national drama. In this sense, Raisin in the Sun is a drama for the same thing as Native Son by R. Wright for a black novel (a Huck Finn by Mark Twain for any American novel, which appeared after it). The driving spring of action is the desire to escape Younger family from the ghetto, which causes a fierce resistance to their future white neighbors. Events do not unfold in the South, the citadel of racism and to the north, with which tradition connects the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹tolerance in racial issue. The play has attracted not only acute but also the deep character development. Of greatest interest are the image of Walter Lee, torn between traditional values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the black community the ideals of love, unity, human dignity and values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of American society, obsessed with the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹material success, as well as the image of his mother, embodying the best traits of African-American people. A Raisin in the Sun is a play on Broadway telling the story of an African-American tragedy. The play is about family of the Youngers. End of the 50s: The Younger family lives in the ghetto and is at a crossroads after his father died. Mother Lena Younger and her grown up children Walter Lee and Beneatha share a cramped apartment in a poor district of Chicago, in which she and Walter Lees wife Ruth and son Travis just fit together inside. Lenas husband, the familys father died and his life insurance brings the family $10,000. Everyone, especially the children, are waiting for the payment of life insurance in the amount. Now the question is whether the money should be invested in a medical school for the daughter, in a deal for the son or other dreams. There are conflicts especially between the siblings in which it is a matter of who has more right to his dreams, who deserves his dream sooner. Mama Lena is facing difficult decisions. Making the right decision is hard for mother Lena because she wants to make it right for everyone and no one wants to be hurt by a wrong decision. Incidentally, the play tells the story of a family which members diligently pursue work to which in a black-time enemy is neither fulfilling nor bring in a lot of money. As the story of the daughter of Lena, who is still looking after herself, and is, therefore, more volatile while the son of Walter Lee, who soon abandons himself because he wants more from his life because he wants to be respected because he wants to be the white man. Lenas son Walter Lee Jr. is working as a chauffeur, but wants more out of his life, although he has a respected profession. Walter believes wealth to be the answer to his feelings of desperation and hopelessness as a slum resident and employee in a dead-end job (Addell). His wife Ruth is working from day to night, until she breaks down because she is pregnant again. She thinks of abortion, which is banned in the 50s. Finally, there is Lenas daughter, Beneatha (desperately wants to be a doctor and her family is very far ahead. Younger than the family believes she would have made the exit from the ghetto, but it must start again from scratch. The story about the Youngers, you can basically understand only if one has lived at the time, but was told the plot very accessible, so that the audience got a feel for this time. The characters could not be more different, but what was very much frightening at first, because one noticed in the faith, was at this time you hold it together more. In principle, the Younger family was doing well, but on the other side as they moved away from each other, when it came to money, the life insurance of the deceased father. Lorraine Hansberrys play confronts crucial issues that have faced African Americans: the fragmentation of the family, the black males quest for manhood, and the problems of integration (Tackach). This play is totally family one. It tells about dreams and the way how people can struggle with difficult situations that occur on their way. Actually, even the name of the play can be referred to lines in Langston Hughs (well-known African-American writer) poems, where he makes parallels of a raisin in the sun and dying dreams. A Raisin in the Sun is a rife with conflicts: generational conflicts, gender conflicts, ideological conflicts, and perhaps most important, conflicts of dreams, which are at the center of the play (Washington). As I have said before, each family member has his or her own dream and throughout the play we can see how each member struggles to get this much desired aim. But the story, which shows how different family members are and how selfish their actions, end with a uniting dream. The dream of house is the dream that unites each member of the family. It is the most important dream. It is not for the good of a separate member, but for the good of unity. The family of Youngers faces social and economic troubles during the play but at the end they are united. The only character who believes in unity of family and its strength is mother Lena. She tries to show how important family is and which high and positive results can a family achieve functioning together and for the good of each member. When she said that the son has to be the head of the family after fathers death, Walter surprisingly asks: You trust me like that, Mama? (Hansberry 50). Unfortunately, the two children Walter and Beneatha will realize this only at the end of the play. Actually, this thought comes to them through rather sad circumstances. Only when the insurance money is stolen from Walter and when he is rejected as a brother by Beneatha, the two characters realize that they were wrong. Happiness comes to them only when they start working for the good of the family, for its uniting, when they turn their individual dreams into common. Home of the Youngers is the only dwelling place of the play and, actually, almost all the scenes take part there which symbolizes unity of the family. It seems that this apartment is a living creature too. Its lightning changes as mood of family members changes too. It is dark and small, as if symbolizing the family at that period. Actually, the house is a crucial place for each member of the family (this point of view is also supported by Mama). And the last scene when Lena happily leaves this dull place is also very symbolizing. This means that dark times for the family are over and it enters the new life, bright and happy one. Another important theme that is raised in the play is the theme of racial discrimination. Yet racial segregation is not the major theme of the play (Brantingham). Mr. Lindner, an outer character, makes this topic extremely bright and noticeable. This is clearly seen when the Youngers decided to move, but they could not because Mr. Lindner wanted a bribe from them. This desire was dictated only by the skin color of the family. But the family does not obey or respond this discrimination. They struggle it with dignity. Actually, the play shows that discrimination is a terrible thing that can ever happen in society. And with the help of African-American family fighting all the instances of discrimination with confidence and dignity, the plays shows how people should react o such cases. The story itself is very symbolic. There are a lot of things that are not very noticeable, but after considering them, they turn out to be of great importance. One of such things is Mamas plant. It is weak, but it fights for life. It represents her desire for a new house which will make life of the family better and unite all its members. Mama takes great care of her plant. In fact, the first thing she does after waking and getting up is taking care of her favorite plant. This appears to symbolizes the care which she treats her family and family lawn. Mama once says that this plant does not receive enough sunshine, but still it struggles for life. Suppose that this is a bright parallel to family of the Youngers, where each member cares only about themselves and the family, this fragile plant, does not receive enough sunshine or family love. At the end of the play, Mama takes this old plant from their old apartment to the new house. It symbolizes that this plant is a symbol, uniting the family, or a family itself. Her dream finally came true and plants dream will also come true. Hansberrys play is realistic in setting, characterization, and dialogue. In addition to confronting universal African American issues, it reflects the circumstances of African Americans in the 1950s, at the beginning of the Civil Rights movement. The doors of opportunity, if not wide open, had at least been unlocked for black Americans (Tackach). Especially convincing A Raisin in the Sun but because ghettos and racism are still present today. This not only African Americans dream for a better life, but whoever feels bad and even those who lack nothing. Dreams should never abandon you, but the play clearly shows how difficult it is. The Story of Hansberry can in principle identify anyone some more, some less, but not only African Americans. For many, this play left a timeless message: Never give up your dreams. It is a beautiful play, because it establishes, the correct values, and those values that will hopefully never go out of fashion. The focus is not only the discrimination of blacks in the 50s and later decades, it is also about dreams, money and family ties.

Stalin Hitler Mussolini Essay -- essays research papers

Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, and Benito Mussolini were all famous leaders of their time. When the word famous is mentioned for their description, it is not necessarily good. In fact none of them were known for anything good. You could say they were in†famous†. They all lead during the same time period; during the early to mid 1900s. Stalin was part of the Russians, Mussolini was with the Italians, and Hitler was with the Germans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joseph Stalin, of Russia, was completely uninterested in ideological debates, as he wanted to establish his own power within the Soviet system. Stalin had Trotsky expelled and ousted Bukharin in order for this to occur. Because of his torture technique for people to confess their crimes, about 10 million Russians were arrested in the late 1930s. Stalin even sent an assassin to kill Trotsky in 1940. In 1928, Stalin implemented the Five-Year Plan to expand Russia into an industrial nation. In order to find money for this, Stalin forced the kulaks, or wealthy peasants, to work on the farms. All of this brought the Soviet Union to a major industrial power in the end of the 1930s, while all others were in a devastating economic depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Benito adopted his father’s Socialist beliefs. His views began to change during the war when Mussolini broke with his fellow Socialists and supported Italy’s entrance into the war. He formed the National Fascist Party, which fought leftist organizations. The...